Evolutionary insights from large scale resequencing datasets in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster has long been used as an evolutionary model system. Its small genome size, well-annotated genome, and ease of sampling, also makes it a choice species for genome resequencing studies. Hundreds of genomic samples from populations worldwide are available and are currently being used to tackle a wide range of evolutionary questions. In this review, we focused on three insights that have increased our understanding of the evolutionary history of this species, and that have implications for the study of evolutionary processes in other species as well. Because of technical limitations, most of the studies so far have focused on SNP variants. However, long-read sequencing techniques should allow us in the near future to include other type of genomic variants that also influence genome evolution.