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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

8.1K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
8.1K
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
16.2K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.1K
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

4.9K
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
4.9K
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
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Models of Bone Metastasis

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Bone metastasis: Interaction between cancer cells and bone microenvironment.

Toru Hiraga1

  • 1Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.

Journal of Oral Biosciences
|May 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bone metastases, common in advanced breast and prostate cancers, are incurable and cause severe complications. Understanding the cancer cell-bone microenvironment communication is key to developing new treatments.

Keywords:
Bone metastasisBone microenvironmentBone-derived growth factorsCancer stem cellsHypoxia

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Models of Bone Metastasis
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Intra-Cardiac Injection of Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Create a Bone Metastasis Xenograft Mouse Model
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Bone is a frequent site for metastasis from advanced breast and prostate cancers.
  • Bone metastases lead to skeletal-related events (e.g., fractures, pain) and poor prognosis.
  • Current therapies for bone metastases remain largely ineffective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of bone metastasis.
  • To highlight the critical role of cancer cell-bone microenvironment interactions.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bone metastasis.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of cancer cell homing and proliferation in bone.
  • Synthesis of evidence on cancer cell-bone communication.

Main Results:

  • Bone provides a supportive microenvironment for circulating cancer cells.
  • Cancer cells exhibit unique adaptations to colonize and thrive in bone.
  • Bidirectional communication between cancer cells and bone is crucial for metastasis progression.

Conclusions:

  • The precise mechanisms of bone metastasis require further elucidation.
  • Developing mechanism-based therapeutic interventions is essential.
  • Continued research is vital for improving outcomes for patients with bone metastases.