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How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

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Melatonin in Critically Ill Children.

Jennifer Ruth Foster^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Paediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care

|May 22, 2019

Summary

Melatonin, a hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles, shows potential benefits in critical illness. Research is exploring its use for pediatric patients, particularly for managing oxidant stress and circadian rhythm disturbances.

Keywords:

antioxidants circadian rhythm critical care intensive care units melatonin pediatric pineal gland

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Pediatric Critical Care
Chronobiology

Background:

Melatonin is known for chronobiologic functions and possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
Its potential relevance in critical illness extends beyond circadian rhythm maintenance to analgesia and sedation.
Understanding endogenous melatonin in pediatric critical illness is limited, with scarce literature available.

Purpose of the Study:

To review melatonin physiology in healthy individuals.
To examine the current knowledge of endogenous melatonin production in pediatric critical illness.
To explore potential applications of exogenous melatonin in critically ill children.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on melatonin physiology.
Analysis of studies concerning endogenous melatonin in pediatric critical illness.
Inclusion of basic science findings and data from other medical fields.

Main Results:

Pineal melatonin production and secretion appear altered in critical illness.
Knowledge regarding pediatric critical illness is nascent, with only 102 children documented.
Exogenous melatonin shows promise for circadian rhythm disturbances and conditions involving oxidant stress.

Conclusions:

Melatonin's multifaceted effects suggest potential therapeutic roles in critical care.
Further research is needed to elucidate endogenous melatonin's role in pediatric critical illness.
Clinical studies on exogenous melatonin in critically ill children beyond neonates are absent.