Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Laparoscopy-endoscopy Cooperative Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Published on: February 19, 2022
Propofol with and without Midazolam for Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in Children
Ulas Emre Akbulut1, Seyfi Kartal2, Ufuk Dogan2
1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
Insights
Adding midazolam to propofol sedation for pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not improve outcomes. This combination did not offer additional benefits over propofol alone, with similar safety and efficacy observed.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- No ideal sedation agent exists for pediatric diagnostic procedures.
- Propofol is common for pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy but carries risks like hypoxia and hypotension.
- Combining sedatives aims to mitigate propofol-related complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate if adding midazolam enhances the safety and efficacy of propofol-based sedation for pediatric diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies.
- To compare outcomes between midazolam-propofol and propofol-alone sedation regimens.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of hospital records for children undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies over 30 months.
- Analysis of demographic data, vital signs, medication doses, and procedural times (induction, sedation, recovery).
- Examination of all observed complications, both major and minor.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in baseline characteristics, induction, sedation, or recovery times between groups.
- Similar rates of satisfactory endoscopist responses in both midazolam-propofol and propofol-alone groups.
- Minor complications occurred more frequently in the midazolam-propofol group (16.2%) compared to propofol alone (5.0%), p=0.010.
Conclusions:
- Propofol-based sedation is safe and effective for pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
- Midazolam administration did not provide additional benefits to propofol-based sedation in this study.
- The combination of midazolam and propofol showed a trend towards more minor complications.
Purpose:
Various publications on the use of sedation and anesthesia for diagnostic procedures in children have demonstrated that no ideal agent is available. Although propofol has been widely used for sedation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children, adverse events including hypoxia and hypotension, are concerns in propofol-based sedation. Propofol is used in combination with other sedatives in order to reduce potential complications. We aimed to analyze whether the administration of midazolam would improve the safety and efficacy of propofol-based sedation in diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies in children.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of children who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies during a 30-month period. Demographic characteristics, vital signs, medication dosages, induction times, sedation times, recovery times, and any complications observed, were examined.
Results:
Baseline characteristics did not differ between the midazolam-propofol and propofol alone groups. No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of induction times, sedation times, recovery times, or the proportion of satisfactory endoscopist responses. No major procedural complications, such as cardiac arrest, apnea, or laryngospasm, occurred in any case. However, minor complications developed in 22 patients (10.7%), 17 (16.2%) in the midazolam-propofol group and five (5.0%) in the propofol alone group (p=0.010).
Conclusion:
The sedation protocol with propofol was safe and efficient. The administration of midazolam provided no additional benefit in propofol-based sedation.
More Related Videos
07:54Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
08:26Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Published on: January 11, 2016
Related Concept Videos
01:26Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System
Here's a detailed walkthrough of this complex system:
01:20Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...
01:20Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
01:12Arteries of the Upper Limbs
01:28Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy
01:17Veins of Upper Limbs
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...