Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis
Published on: May 19, 2021
Enantioseparation and molecular modeling study of five β-adrenergic blockers on Chiralpak IC column
Yu Zhao1, Shuang Li1, Xia Wang1
1Department Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institution Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
Abstract:
A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the enantiomeric resolution of five β-adrenergic blockers on a Chiralpak IC column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm particle size) in normal phase mode. The mobile phase used was n-hexane-ethanol-diethylamine in different proportions at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the column temperature of 25°C using a UV detector at 230 nm. The influences of base additives and alcohol modifiers were evaluated and optimized. The maximum resolution values for bevantolol, propranolol carteolol, esmolol, and metoprolol were 4.80, 2.77, 2.09, 2.30, and 1.11, respectively. To gain a better understanding of the interaction between chiral stationary phase and analyte enantiomers, the molecular docking of chiral stationary phase with five pairs of enantiomer was carried out using AutoDock molecular docking technique. By simulation studies, the mechanism of chiral recognition was determined. According to the results, hydrogen bond interactions and π-π interactions were the chief interactions for the chiral recognition.
Related Concept Videos
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers
Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....

