Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

5.0K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
5.0K
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

6.4K
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
6.4K
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

9.6K
Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
9.6K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

17.7K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
17.7K
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

45.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
45.2K
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

220
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
220

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Asynchronous Telehealth for Dysphagia Management: Evidence, Possibilities, and Practical Examples.

Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups·2026
Same author

Methodological advances in claims-based dementia algorithms: integrating medication and clinical data for medicare populations.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same author

Narrative Discourse Predictors of Response to Naming Intervention in Aphasia.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026
Same author

Relationship Between Social Vulnerability Index and Severity of Pretreatment Swallowing Dysfunction for Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients.

OTO open·2026
Same author

Concurrent Use of Videofluoroscopic and Nutritional Intake Measures in the Assessment of Pediatric Patients With Dysphagia: A Scoping Review.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2026
Same author

Digital Twin Model of Treatment Outcomes in Post-Stroke Aphasia.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
08:32

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

Published on: March 1, 2015

22.0K

Relationships Between Radiation Exposure Dose, Time, and Projection in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies.

Heather Shaw Bonilha1,2, Janina Wilmskoetter1, Sameer Tipnis3

  • 1Department of Health Science and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|May 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Radiation exposure time is not a reliable indicator of patient radiation dose during Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSSs). Dose Area Product (DAP) better reflects actual radiation exposure, questioning the use of time-based thresholds.

More Related Videos

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.9K
Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
08:32

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

Published on: March 1, 2015

22.0K
Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

1.9K
Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Swallowing Disorders

Background:

  • Clinicians often use radiation exposure time to estimate patient radiation dose in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSSs).
  • Dose Area Product (DAP) is recognized as a more accurate measure of overall patient radiation exposure in fluoroscopic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Dose Area Product (DAP) and radiation exposure time in VFSSs.
  • To compare DAP and time across different fluoroscopic projections (lateral vs. posterior-anterior [PA]).

Main Methods:

  • DAP, radiation exposure time, and projection were recorded for 200 adult VFSSs.
  • Data analysis included Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Main Results:

  • DAP and radiation exposure time showed no significant correlation in lateral or upper PA projections.
  • Posterior-anterior (PA) projections had significantly higher DAP but shorter exposure times compared to lateral projections.
  • Average DAP per second varied significantly by projection: 7 mGy-cm² (lateral), 14 mGy-cm² (upper PA), 17 mGy-cm² (middle PA), and 34 mGy-cm² (lower PA).

Conclusions:

  • Radiation exposure time is a poor surrogate for actual patient radiation dose (DAP) during VFSSs.
  • Clinical reliance on time, such as a 5-minute threshold, may not accurately reflect or limit patient radiation exposure.
  • The findings challenge current clinical practices regarding radiation safety monitoring in VFSSs.