Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

12.7K
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
12.7K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.3K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

22.8K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
22.8K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

49.9K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
49.9K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.7K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.7K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

13.5K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
13.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward Personalized Rotator Cuff Physical Therapy Dosage Using a Machine Learning-Based Pilot Study with EMG.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

AI-Powered Thermal Fingerprinting: Predicting PLA Tensile Strength Through Schlieren Imaging.

Polymers·2026
Same author

Recent Advances in PEEK for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Material Properties, Processing, and Additive Manufacturing.

Polymers·2025
Same author

Post-Processing PEEK 3D-Printed Parts: Experimental Investigation of Annealing on Microscale and Macroscale Properties.

Polymers·2025
Same author

Effect of Local Ketamine Subcutaneous Injection at the Incision Site in Reducing the Postoperative Pain Score after Transabdominal Hysterectomy.

Anesthesiology research and practice·2023
Same author

Effects of nebulized hypertonic saline on inflammatory mediators in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Science progress·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
05:50

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

13.1K

Enhancing phase contrast for bimodal AFM imaging in low quality factor environments.

Mehrnoosh Damircheli1, Babak Eslami2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA.

Ultramicroscopy
|May 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a method for selecting optimal oscillation amplitudes in bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) when operating in liquid environments. The findings enhance phase contrast for improved material characterization of polymers.

Keywords:
Atomic Force MicroscopyMultifrequency AFMPTFE, LDPE, PSViscoelastic

More Related Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy
06:49

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy

Published on: August 6, 2008

54.0K
Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery
07:02

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Published on: September 5, 2018

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
05:50

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

13.1K
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy
06:49

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy

Published on: August 6, 2008

54.0K
Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery
07:02

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Published on: September 5, 2018

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has evolved beyond topographical imaging to include material property mapping in various environments.
  • Imaging in liquid environments offers realistic sample conditions but presents challenges for cantilever dynamics, especially in multifrequency AFM.
  • Optimizing cantilever dynamics is crucial for enhancing signal quality in liquid-phase AFM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide numerical and experimental procedures for selecting oscillation amplitudes in bimodal AFM operating in liquid.
  • To enhance the phase contrast using the higher eigenmode for improved material characterization.
  • To validate the selected amplitude configurations through experimental verification.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using van der Waals (vdW), Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO), and DMT models to determine optimal oscillation amplitudes.
  • Selection of amplitudes that maximize the second eigenmode's phase contrast for bimodal AFM.
  • Experimental validation using polymer samples (LDPE, PS) in both air and liquid environments.

Main Results:

  • The numerical procedures successfully identified optimal oscillation amplitudes for bimodal AFM in liquid.
  • Simulations were performed on low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • Experimental results confirmed that the selected amplitude configurations significantly enhance the phase signal for polymer blends.

Conclusions:

  • The developed procedures effectively optimize bimodal AFM operation in liquid for enhanced phase contrast.
  • This method improves the capability of AFM for material compositional mapping in relevant environments.
  • The study validates the utility of multifrequency AFM in liquid for advanced material analysis.