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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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A 1.5 Hour Procedure for Identification of Enterococcus Species Directly from Blood Cultures
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A 1.5 Hour Procedure for Identification of Enterococcus Species Directly from Blood Cultures

Published on: February 10, 2011

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Enterococcus infections in foals.

A T Willis1, K G Magdesian2, B A Byrne3

  • 1William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|May 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterococci are increasingly found in foal sepsis, often originating from the lower urogenital tract and exhibiting multidrug resistance. Foals with these infections have a lower survival rate, underscoring the need for susceptibility testing.

Keywords:
EnterococciFaeciumFoalMultidrug resistantUrogenital

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Enterococci prevalence in foal sepsis has risen over three decades.
  • Limited research exists on enterococcal infection sites, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes in foals.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding enterococcal infections in neonatal foals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the origin sites of enterococcal infections versus other bacterial etiologies in foals.
  • To determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterococcal isolates from foals.
  • To evaluate the survival outcome to discharge for foals with enterococcal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study involving 75 foals with Enterococcus and 170 control foals with other bacteria (0-30 days old).
  • Analysis of culture-positive sites, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and survival data.
  • Calculation of odds ratios (OR) and multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) and multiple drug resistance (MDR) indices.

Main Results:

  • Enterococcus was significantly more likely to be isolated from the lower urogenital tract (OR 2.67) but less likely from blood cultures (OR 0.17) compared to other bacteria.
  • High rates of multidrug resistance were observed: 48% had MAR index ≥30% and 46% had MDR index ≥30%.
  • Foals with enterococcal infections had a lower survival rate to discharge (49.9%) compared to controls (63.5%).

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus is a common pathogen in foals, frequently originating from the lower urogenital tract.
  • Enterococcal isolates often exhibit multidrug resistance, complicating treatment.
  • Enterococcal infections are associated with poorer outcomes in foals, necessitating antimicrobial susceptibility testing.