[Nausea: Current view].

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Neurology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Nausea is a prevalent symptom, frequently preceding vomiting but sometimes occurring independently.
• It can be an isolated symptom or part of a broader clinical presentation, associated with conditions like migraines, pregnancy, and digestive disorders.
• Nausea significantly affects patients' quality of life, impacting concentration and daily activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the etiologic investigation of nausea when no clear pathological context is identified.
• To discuss the importance of ruling out serious conditions when nausea is accompanied by vomiting and fever.
• To review treatment options for nausea, including self-care and pharmacological interventions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines regarding nausea.
• Discussion of diagnostic approaches for identifying the underlying causes of nausea.
• Analysis of pharmacological treatments for symptomatic relief of nausea.

Main Results:

• Nausea necessitates an etiologic investigation, especially in the absence of a known pathological context.
• Serious conditions such as intracranial hypertension or meningitis must be excluded when nausea presents with vomiting and fever.
• Symptomatic relief can be achieved with various pharmacological agents, including antihistamines, anticholinergics, and phenothiazine derivatives.

Conclusions:

• While etiological investigation is crucial, symptomatic treatment can improve quality of life for patients experiencing nausea.
• Over-the-counter medications may be considered for recurrent nausea episodes with identified causes, following established recommendations.
• Pharmacological interventions offer effective relief for nausea, reducing its intensity and duration.