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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Blood Vessels01:15

Structure of Blood Vessels

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Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
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Anatomy of Blood Vessels01:20

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The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
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Overview of Blood Vessels01:14

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The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving unique functions.
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
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Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
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Mechanical thrombectomy for recurrent large vessel occlusion.

P Bhogal1, M AlMatter2, V Hellstern2

  • 1The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, UK.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|May 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for recurrent large vessel occlusion (LVO) is safe and technically similar to initial procedures. While outcomes may differ slightly, recurrent MT is a viable option for LVO patients.

Keywords:
Large vessel occlusionMechanical thrombectomyRecurrent strokeStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Interventional Neuroradiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is effective for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke.
  • Data on recurrent LVO treated with MT is limited.
  • Understanding safety and efficacy in recurrent cases is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of MT for recurrent LVO.
  • To compare technical aspects and patient outcomes between initial and recurrent MT procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database (2008-2018).
  • Inclusion of patients who underwent more than one MT procedure for LVO.
  • Data collection included demographics, comorbidities, stroke characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes (mRS at 90 days).

Main Results:

  • 25 patients underwent 52 MT procedures; 68% were female, average age 70 years.
  • Median time between strokes was 71 days; 86.5% of strokes were cardioembolic.
  • No significant difference in procedure time, passes, or TICI scores between initial and recurrent MT.
  • A significant difference in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was observed after the 1st and 2nd events (p=0.014).

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent mechanical thrombectomy for LVO can be performed safely.
  • Technical aspects of recurrent MT are comparable to initial procedures.
  • While functional outcomes may differ, MT remains a viable treatment for recurrent LVO.