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Related Concept Videos

Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
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The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
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Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Murine Surgical Model of Topical Elastase Induced Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
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IgG4-aortitis among thoracic aortic aneurysms.

Carlos Nicolás Pérez-García1, Carmen Olmos1, David Vivas1

  • 1Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|May 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Aortitis is rare in thoracic aortic disease surgery, with IgG4-related disease being a common cause. Diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, but surgery and treatment show good outcomes.

Keywords:
aortic aneurysmaortic surgeryaortitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Aortitis incidence in thoracic aortic diseases is not well-established.
  • This study aimed to determine the frequency and clinical course of aortitis in surgical patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the frequency and clinical course of aortitis in a surgical series of thoracic aortic diseases.
  • To evaluate diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes for aortitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 320 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for ascending aorta/aortic arch aneurysm or acute aortic syndrome (2012-2017).
  • Collection of epidemiological data, clinical course, and treatment variables for patients with histologically proven aortitis.
  • Utilized 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) for disease assessment and monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Aortitis was found in 9 (2.8%) of 320 patients, including Takayasu's arteritis (3), IgG4-related aortitis (3), giant cell arteritis (2), and idiopathic (1).
  • Median age at surgery was 53.4 years, with 6/9 patients being female. Diagnosis was often made post-pathologically due to non-specific symptoms.
  • No in-hospital or mid-term follow-up deaths occurred (median follow-up 1.7 years). IgG4-related disease cases showed extrathoracic involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Aortitis is infrequent in surgically treated thoracic aorta pathology, with IgG4-related disease being a significant cause.
  • Non-specific clinical manifestations complicate presurgical diagnosis, highlighting the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT for assessing disease extent and response.
  • Successful surgical intervention combined with corticosteroid therapy ensures favorable mid-term outcomes for aortitis patients.