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Biomechanical Adaptations and Performance Indicators in Short Trail Running
Glenn Björklund1,2, Mikael Swarén3, Dennis-Peter Born4
1Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Frontiers in Physiology
|May 23, 2019
Summary
Trail running performance is linked to oxygen uptake and vertical running speed. Uphill running requires greater force impulse, while downhill running generates higher peak forces, impacting overall race times.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Trail running performance is influenced by a complex interplay of physiological and biomechanical factors.
- Understanding the specific demands of different terrains (uphill, downhill, flat) is crucial for optimizing training and race strategy.
- Previous research has primarily focused on road running, leaving a gap in understanding trail-specific performance determinants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure anthropometric and oxygen uptake variables in a laboratory setting.
- To assess kinetic and stride characteristics during a trail running time trial.
- To analyze correlations between laboratory measurements, kinetic data, and trail running performance.
Main Methods:
- Laboratory assessments included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), running economy (RE), and anthropometric measurements.
- Participants completed an outdoor trail running time trial, with kinetic and temporal data collected.
- Statistical analyses were performed to identify relationships between variables and performance outcomes.
Main Results:
- Runners lost significant time on uphill sections compared to downhill sections during the time trial.
- Stride cycle and ground contact time (GCT) differed significantly between uphill and downhill running.
- Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), vertical uphill treadmill speed, and body fat percentage were identified as key predictors of trail running performance.
Conclusions:
- Trail running performance is significantly influenced by physiological factors like VO2 max and biomechanical efficiency, particularly on varied terrain.
- Uphill running is characterized by greater force impulse due to longer GCT, while downhill running involves higher peak forces.
- Future research should investigate longer trail running distances and incorporate 3D kinematic analysis for a more comprehensive understanding.
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