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Evolution of C-Reactive Protein.

Asmita Pathak1, Alok Agrawal1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is found across species, evolving from constitutive expression in arthropods to an acute phase protein in humans. Understanding ancient CRP aids in developing treatments for immunodeficient individuals.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinPTX3pentraxinphosphocholineserum amyloid P

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • C-reactive protein (CRP) is a conserved protein found in organisms from arthropods to humans.
  • Human CRP is a pentamer that binds phosphocholine (PCh) in a calcium-dependent manner.
  • CRP definition relies on cyclic oligomerization, PCh binding, and immunological cross-reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary trajectory of C-reactive protein (CRP) from ancient invertebrates to humans.
  • To investigate the structural and functional divergence of CRP across different species.
  • To highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of understanding ancient CRP for immunodeficient individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of CRP characteristics across species.
  • Review of existing literature on CRP structure, function, and evolution.
  • Examination of CRP gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • CRP evolved from a constitutively expressed protein in arthropods to an acute phase protein in humans.
  • Ligand-binding specificities of CRP may differ between invertebrates and vertebrates.
  • Changes in disulfide bonds and glycosylation influence CRP structure-function relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Further research on invertebrate CRP is crucial to understand its evolutionary path.
  • CRP's evolution is intertwined with the development of the immune system.
  • Knowledge of ancient CRP biology could benefit immunodeficient individuals.