Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Surface Sediment from Sanmen Bay, East China Sea: Spatial Distribution and Congener Profile
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
Published on: June 13, 2020
Yong Qiu1, Kunyan Liu1, Shanshan Zhou2
1Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Abstract:
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have recently emerged as a group of halogenated pollutants with broad occurrences and bioaccumulation potential in aquatic systems. However, investigations on their occurrences in coastal waters remain very limited. In the present study we investigated PHCZs in surface sediment collected from 29 sites in Sanmen Bay, East China Sea. The results demonstrated a universal presence of PHCZs in sediment, with concentrations of ∑PHCZs (including all congeners) ranging from 7.7 to 17.5 ng/g dry weight (median: 11.3 ng/g dw). The PHCZ congener composition profile revealed a dominance of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ) with comparable concentration with that of carbazole. Given that PHCZs are widely distributed in Sanmen Bay sediment and their concentrations rivaled other well-known persistent organic pollutants in the same area, this group of halogenated pollutants merits additional investigations of their potential risks to the studied aquatic system, as well as other important watersheds.
Related Concept Videos
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution
F Distribution
Volume of Distribution
Uniform Distribution
Two essential properties of this distribution are
Normal Distribution

