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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
Published on: February 9, 2021
Reaching Green: Heterocycle Synthesis by Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization in Sustainable Medium
Rajagopal Santhoshkumar1, Chien-Hong Cheng1
1Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Catalytic C-H functionalization has emerged as an efficient alternative to traditional coupling reactions. However, some of these reactions depend on environmentally harmful solvents, weakening the overall green nature of these methods. As organic processes consume large amount of solvents, the use of less harmful solvents enhance the sustainability of these reactions. Herein, we present an overview of transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles in sustainable solvents based on CHEM21 solvent selection guide.
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