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Updated: Jan 24, 2026
04:08
Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Published on: April 5, 2024
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Sex-related differences in carpal arch morphology
Kishor Lakshminarayanan1, Rakshit Shah1,2, Zong-Ming Li1,2,3,4
1Hand Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
Plos One
|May 23, 2019
Summary
Females exhibit smaller carpal arch dimensions and reduced palmar bowing compared to males. These anatomical differences in the carpal tunnel may contribute to the higher incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in women.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Biomechanics
- Sex-based differences
Background:
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) disproportionately affects women.
- Understanding anatomical variations in the carpal tunnel is crucial for CTS pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex-based differences in carpal arch morphology.
- To correlate carpal arch dimensions with median nerve vulnerability.
Main Methods:
- Ultrasonography was used to image the carpal arch in 20 healthy young adults (10 women, 10 men).
- Measurements included carpal arch height, width, palmar bowing index, and normalized cross-sectional area at distal and proximal tunnel levels.
Main Results:
- Females presented with significantly smaller carpal arch height at both levels and reduced width at the proximal level.
- The palmar bowing index was smaller in females distally, and normalized carpal arch area was smaller at both levels.
- These findings indicate a generally smaller carpal arch in females.
Conclusions:
- Females possess a smaller carpal arch with reduced distal palmar bowing and smaller arch area compared to males.
- This anatomical predisposition may increase median nerve compression risk, potentially explaining higher CTS incidence in women.
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