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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Developments in Systemic Therapy for Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas.

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    Systemic therapies for soft tissue sarcomas have evolved, with olaratumab removed from guidelines. New histology-specific drugs and targeted therapies show promise for specific sarcoma subtypes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Recent guideline changes impact systemic therapy for soft tissue sarcomas.
    • Olaratumab, previously approved in combination with doxorubicin, has been removed from NCCN Guidelines.

    Discussion:

    • Histology-specific agents like pazopanib and pembrolizumab are emerging.
    • Pembrolizumab received a category 2B recommendation for alveolar soft part sarcoma, indicating a limited role for immunotherapy in sarcomas.
    • Updated data on sorafenib for desmoid tumors were presented.

    Key Insights:

    • The landscape of soft tissue sarcoma treatment is shifting with new drug approvals and guideline updates.
    • Targeted therapies, such as larotrectinib for TRK fusion-positive tumors, are gaining importance.
    • Immunotherapy's role in sarcoma treatment remains limited, with specific indications like alveolar soft part sarcoma.

    Outlook:

    • Continued research into histology-specific and targeted therapies is crucial.
    • Personalized medicine approaches will likely play a larger role in sarcoma treatment.
    • Further evaluation of immunotherapy in specific sarcoma contexts may be warranted.