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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

13.2K

Enteroviruses: A Gut-Wrenching Game of Entry, Detection, and Evasion

Alexandra I Wells1,2, Carolyn B Coyne3,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. ALW214@pitt.edu.

Viruses
|May 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Enteroviruses cause significant human illness, especially in children. This review details how these viruses infect the body and evade the immune system.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enteroviruses are a significant cause of human disease, particularly in neonates and young children.
  • Infections can manifest as febrile illness, meningitis, hepatitis, and acute flaccid myelitis.
  • The enterovirus genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, enterovirus 71, and enterovirus D68.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of enterovirus infection in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To explain how cells detect enterovirus infections.
  • To outline strategies enteroviruses employ to evade immune detection.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on enterovirus pathogenesis and host-cell interactions.
  • The review discusses viral entry, replication, and host immune responses.
  • It focuses on the interplay between enteroviruses and the innate immune system.

Main Results:

  • Enteroviruses primarily infect via the fecal-oral route, targeting the gastrointestinal epithelium.
  • Respiratory transmission is also a significant route for some enteroviruses, like enterovirus D68.
  • Enteroviruses possess sophisticated strategies to evade or disrupt host innate immune detection pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding enterovirus infection pathways and immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
  • Further research into host-pathogen interactions can inform therapeutic strategies against enterovirus diseases.
  • The co-evolution of enteroviruses and humans highlights the dynamic nature of viral pathogenesis and host defense.

Keywords:
enterovirusesgastrointestinal tractinterferonpattern recognition receptors

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