Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.2K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.2K
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

91.5K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
91.5K
Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

43.1K
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
43.1K
Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

107.6K
Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...
107.6K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

111.8K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
111.8K
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

72.0K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
72.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revealing buried ferroelectric topologies by depth-resolved electron diffraction imaging.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Primary activity measurement of an Am-241 solution using microgram inkjet gravimetry and decay energy spectrometry.

Metrologia·2026
Same author

Considerations for massic activity determination by Decay Energy Spectrometry (DES) using cryogenic Transition Edge Sensors (TES).

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

Topochemical Oxidation of Ruddlesden-Popper Nickelates Reveals Distinct Structural Family: Oxygen-Intercalated Layered Perovskites.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Unconventional polaronic ground state in superconducting LiTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of linear segmented polyurethane block copolymers studied by ToF-SIMS and atomic force microscopy.

Biointerphases·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties
09:34

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

Published on: November 15, 2016

9.6K

Electron Doping BaZrO3 via Topochemical Reduction.

Thomas Orvis, Mythili Surendran, Yang Liu

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899-6102 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topochemical reduction of barium zirconate (BaZrO3) films creates n-type conductivity, a significant advance for materials with low electron affinity. This method offers a new route for doping and stabilizing functional oxide materials.

Keywords:
barium zirconatecomplex oxidehydrogenlow electron affinityperovskitepulsed laser deposition

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
11:07

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

Published on: August 15, 2015

10.3K
Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties
09:34

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

Published on: November 15, 2016

9.6K
Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
11:07

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

Published on: August 15, 2015

10.3K
Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Thin Film Technology

Background:

  • Barium zirconate (BaZrO3) is a wide band gap perovskite with low electron affinity, typically exhibiting insulating properties.
  • Achieving n-type conductivity in such materials is challenging but crucial for electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of topochemical reduction for inducing n-type conductivity in epitaxial BaZrO3 thin films.
  • To characterize the structural, electrical, and chemical changes resulting from the reduction process.

Main Methods:

  • Topochemical reduction using calcium hydride on epitaxial BaZrO3 thin films.
  • X-ray diffraction for structural and texture analysis.
  • Temperature-dependent and time-dependent electrical transport measurements.
  • Neutron reflectivity and secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Calcium hydride reduction successfully induced n-type conductivity in BaZrO3 films.
  • Stronger reduction conditions led to a loss of out-of-plane texture.
  • Reduced films exhibited insulating behavior with thermally activated and variable-range hopping mechanisms.
  • Films showed short-term stability, with resistance increasing over weeks due to chemical changes.
  • Hydrogen incorporation into oxygen vacancies was identified as the likely source of charge carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Topochemical reduction is a viable method for electron-doping and meta-stabilizing low electron affinity materials like BaZrO3.
  • This approach opens pathways for developing new functional oxide materials with tailored electronic properties.
  • Understanding hydrogen incorporation is key to controlling conductivity in reduced perovskites.