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Hiding in Plain Sight: Functional Neurological Disorders in the News
Stoyan Popkirov1, Timothy R Nicholson1, Bastiaan R Bloem1
1The Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany (Popkirov); the Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Nicholson); the Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Bloem); the Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University of London and Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London (Cock); the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Derry); the Department of Neurology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (Duncan); the Department of Neurology, Edward B. Bromfield Epilepsy Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dworetsky); the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London (Edwards, Morgante); the Department of Neurology, Gardner Family Center for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati (Espay); the Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Md. (Hallett); the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto (Lang); Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (Leach); the Mater Centre for Neurosciences and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Lehn); the Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France (McGonigal); the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (Morgante); the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Functional Neurology Research Group, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Perez); the Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom (Reuber); the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London (Richardson); the Department of Neurology, Alan Richens Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (Smith); the HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece (Stamelou); the Neurology Clinic, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (Stamelou); the University of Athens, Greece (Stamelou); the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Tijssen); the Neurology Unit, Movement Disorders Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (Tinazzi); and the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Carson, Stone).
Functional neurological disorders are often misidentified in news stories, despite their prevalence. This study found that media portrayals frequently mislabel these conditions, contributing to public misunderstanding.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Media Studies
Background:
- Functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are prevalent and disabling yet poorly understood.
- Public and academic attention for FNDs is disproportionately low compared to their impact.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if misidentification in news stories contributes to the lack of media coverage for FNDs.
- To analyze how "human interest" news stories portray patients with complex neurological symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed 13 news stories from major media outlets featuring patients with complex symptoms.
- Symptoms were presented as medical mysteries or misattributed to other diagnoses.
- Expert raters assessed cases for misidentified functional movement or seizure disorders, comparing them to control cases of known neurological diseases.
Main Results:
- Experts unanimously confirmed misidentification of functional neurological disorders in the reviewed news stories, excluding controls.
- High interrater agreement and diagnostic confidence were observed among experts.
- News stories often portray FNDs without accurate diagnosis or context.
Conclusions:
- FNDs are frequently misportrayed in the media, often appearing "in disguise" within news narratives.
- Despite being misunderstood and underrepresented in public discourse, FNDs are present in media.
- Findings highlight the need for accurate media representation of functional neurological disorders.
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