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Effect of aspiration on the lungs in children: a comparison using chest computed tomography findings

Nobukazu Tanaka1, Kanji Nohara2, Akihito Ueda3

  • 1Division of Oral and Facial Disorders, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. n-tanaka@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.

BMC Pediatrics
|May 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Early detection of aspiration in children is crucial. Saliva aspiration, unlike food aspiration, is linked to pneumonia and lung issues, indicating a higher risk for aspiration pneumonia.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Aspiration in children with dysphagia, including those with cerebral palsy, requires early detection to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
  • Current diagnostic methods like fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluorographic swallowing study are gold standards.
  • The link between aspirating secretions versus food and subsequent pulmonary injury remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between pneumonia findings on chest computed tomography (CT) and aspiration detected via FEES.
  • To differentiate the pulmonary impact of food aspiration versus saliva aspiration in children.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-five children (mean age 11 years 2 months ± 7 years 2 months) underwent both FEES and chest CT.
  • Participants were categorized based on FEES findings into groups with and without food aspiration, and with and without saliva aspiration.
  • Statistical analysis examined correlations between chest CT pneumonia findings and the presence of each aspiration type.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation was found between food aspiration and chest CT pneumonia findings.
  • A significant correlation was observed between saliva aspiration and chest CT findings indicative of pneumonia.
  • Saliva aspiration was also significantly associated with bronchial wall thickening and atelectasis.

Conclusions:

  • Food aspiration in children, as detected by FEES, shows minimal correlation with pneumonia.
  • The presence of saliva aspiration may serve as a key indicator for identifying children at risk of developing aspiration pneumonia.
Abstract

Keywords:
AspirationChildComputed tomographyDysphagiaPneumonia

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