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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Isolation and Culturing of Primary Murine Adipocytes from Lean and Obese Mice
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Why primary obesity is a disease?

Antonino De Lorenzo1, Santo Gratteri2, Paola Gualtieri3

  • 1Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|May 24, 2019
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Summary

Obesity is a serious pathology increasing worldwide, linked to numerous health risks. Current diagnostic tools like BMI are inaccurate; a multifactorial approach is needed for effective obesity management.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Public Health
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global public health crisis, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • It is associated with serious comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasms.
  • Despite awareness campaigns, obesity prevalence continues to rise, necessitating a deeper understanding of its mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define obesity as a distinct disease.
  • To highlight limitations of current diagnostic tools, such as Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • To emphasize the complexity of obesity as a multifactorial disease for healthcare policy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on obesity as a disease.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools for obesity assessment.
  • Exploration of obesity phenotypes through fat mass, clinical, and genetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Obesity is a multifactorial pathology and a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease.
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) is inadequate for assessing body fat and diagnosing obesity accurately.
  • Advanced assessment tools reveal diverse obesity phenotypes, explaining paradoxical presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity requires recognition as a complex disease, necessitating improved diagnostic strategies beyond BMI.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid under- or overdiagnosis, preventing disease aggravation and related pathologies.
  • Integrated approaches combining fat mass assessment, clinical data, and genetics are essential for effective obesity management and patient care.