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Specificity of Plant Rhabdovirus Cell-to-Cell Movement.

Xin Zhou1, Wenye Lin1, Kai Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Journal of Virology
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Plant rhabdovirus movement proteins (MPs) exhibit specific interactions with viral proteins, unlike other viruses. This specificity is crucial for the intercellular transport of these negative-stranded RNA viruses.

Keywords:
cell-to-cell movementmovement proteinnucleocapsidplant rhabdovirussonchus yellow net virustomato yellow mottle-associated virustrans-complementation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant virology
  • Molecular plant-pathogen interactions
  • RNA virus biology

Background:

  • Positive-stranded RNA virus movement proteins (MPs) generally lack specific nucleic acid binding and show broad cross-family movement complementarity.
  • Negative-stranded RNA plant rhabdoviruses have MPs with limited relatedness to other plant viruses, and their intercellular transport mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specificity of movement proteins (MPs) from five distinct rhabdoviruses in supporting cell-to-cell movement.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the intercellular transport of plant rhabdoviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Trans-complementation assays were used to assess the ability of rhabdovirus MPs to facilitate the movement of MP-defective positive-stranded RNA viruses.
  • Subcellular fractionation and split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assays were employed to determine MP localization and protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • All five rhabdovirus MPs complemented the movement of MP-defective tomato mosaic virus and potato X virus.
  • However, cell-to-cell movement of sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus (SYNV) and tomato yellow mottle-associated cytorhabdovirus (TYMaV) was only rescued by their cognate MPs.
  • SYNV and TYMaV MPs localized to cell membranes and specifically interacted with their cognate nucleoproteins (N) and phosphoproteins (P), redirecting them to the cell periphery.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-to-cell movement of plant rhabdoviruses is highly specific, requiring cognate MP-nucleocapsid protein interactions.
  • These interactions are essential for the intra- and intercellular trafficking of viral components.
  • The findings provide a model for specific plant rhabdovirus trafficking, potentially applicable to other negative-stranded RNA viruses.