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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix, particularly collagen, plays a crucial role in cancer progression.
  • Second-harmonic generation microscopy (SHG) is a label-free imaging technique for visualizing collagen.
  • SHG has not been extensively applied to characterize collagen in invasive breast carcinoma of special histological types (IBC-ST).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate collagen fiber parameters using SHG in various IBC-ST subtypes.
  • To investigate the potential of SHG-based collagen analysis for breast cancer classification and prognostication.

Main Methods:

  • SHG microscopy was used to analyze collagen in tissue sections from 99 IBC-ST patients and 21 invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) patients.
  • Collagen parameters (fSHG and bSHG) were quantified in intratumoral areas.
  • Tissue microarrays were used for immunohistochemical assessment of molecular subtypes.
  • Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and minimal spanning tree were employed for grouping based on collagen parameters.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in fSHG and bSHG collagen parameters were observed across different IBC-ST subtypes.
  • Mucinous, papillary, and medullary carcinomas showed the lowest intratumoral collagen values.
  • Classic invasive lobular and tubular carcinomas exhibited the highest intratumoral collagen values.
  • Cluster analysis identified three distinct groups of breast cancer based on intratumoral collagen characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • SHG microscopy effectively characterizes collagen in the tumor microenvironment of invasive breast carcinomas.
  • Distinct collagen signatures correlate with specific histological subtypes of breast cancer.
  • SHG-based collagen analysis offers potential for refining breast cancer categorization and improving prognostication.