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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
Published on: November 30, 2022
A naphthalimide-based lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe for the selective detection and imaging of endogenous
Jing Qian1, Deyan Gong1, Jiaxi Ru2
1Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
Abstract:
The morpholine (ML) group can be used as a targeting unit for lysosomes. Here, a novel turn-off fluorescence probe for the highly selective imaging of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) produced by the endogenous stimulation of lysosomes in living cells is presented. The probe, denoted ML-NAP-DPPEA, comprises ML and 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine (DPPE) groups attached to the fluorophore naphthalimide (NAP). ML-NAP-DPPEA shows excellent properties, including high selectivity for ONOO-, low cytotoxicity, and no interference, leading to low detection limits (17.6 nM). In the presence of ONOO-, the secondary amine group (NH) is oxidized to an electron-withdrawing group (HN → O), which quenches the fluorescence of ML-NAP-DPPEA. This intracellular lysosomal imaging technique was tested, and the results pointed to its potential use as a probe for studying the biological function and pathological effects of ONOO- in subcellular structure. Graphical abstract.
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