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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
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Early Wave Reflection and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Lebogang Mokotedi1, Sulé Gunter1, Chanel Robinson1

  • 1Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is linked to impaired heart relaxation and increased left ventricular filling pressures. Pulse wave velocity and wave reflection timing are key indicators of these cardiovascular issues in RA.

Keywords:
Diastolic functionLarge artery functionRheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including arterial dysfunction.
  • Diastolic dysfunction is a common comorbidity in RA patients, contributing to adverse cardiac events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between specific arterial properties and diastolic function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To determine if arterial wave reflection and stiffness indices can predict diastolic function parameters in RA.

Main Methods:

  • Applanation tonometry was used to measure arterial function parameters like carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wave reflection timing in 173 RA patients.
  • Echocardiography assessed diastolic function, including transmitral velocity (E/A) and myocardial tissue velocity (E/e').

Main Results:

  • The timing of the reflected arterial wave correlated with the E/A ratio, indicating a link to diastolic filling patterns.
  • Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was associated with the E/e' ratio, suggesting a relationship with impaired myocardial relaxation.
  • Arterial wave reflection, forward wave magnitude, and pulse pressure amplification were linked to impaired relaxation, while PWV related to increased left ventricular filling pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Early arterial wave reflection is associated with impaired left ventricular relaxation in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Pulse wave velocity is a significant predictor of increased left ventricular filling pressures in RA patients.
  • Arterial properties offer valuable insights into the diastolic dysfunction observed in rheumatoid arthritis.