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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Quantitative Metabolomics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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High-Throughput Metabolomics: Isocratic and Gradient Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods.

Travis Nemkov1, Julie A Reisz1, Sarah Gehrke1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 5-minute metabolomics method for comprehensive profiling. It expands on previous work to analyze a wider range of metabolites, including fatty acids, efficiently.

Keywords:
GradientHigh-throughputIsocraticMass spectrometryUntargeted metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Metabolomics is a powerful technique for phenotype-level profiling.
  • High-throughput analytical techniques and sensitive mass spectrometers enable routine analysis of many samples.
  • Previous work established a 3-minute platform for amino acid and central metabolism profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an enhanced metabolomics platform for broader metabolite coverage.
  • To profile the hydrophilic metabolome using a 5-minute reverse-phase gradient method.
  • To assess the impact on throughput while expanding analytical capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 5-minute reverse-phase gradient liquid chromatography method.
  • Employed high-resolution mass spectrometry for untargeted metabolomic profiling.
  • Expanded upon a previously established 3-minute isocratic platform.

Main Results:

  • Successfully profiled a wider range of metabolites, including less polar compounds.
  • Observed metabolites from the previous 3-minute run, plus fatty acids and acylcarnitines.
  • Achieved global, untargeted profiling of the hydrophilic metabolome without significant throughput loss.

Conclusions:

  • The 5-minute gradient method provides broader metabolomic coverage.
  • This approach enhances the analysis of key metabolic pathways like lipid and mitochondrial metabolism.
  • The method offers a balance between analytical depth and high-throughput capability.