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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Current pharmacotherapies for sarcopenia.

Justin P Hardee1, Gordon S Lynch1

  • 1Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle, is a growing global health issue. Current research reviews its mechanisms and treatments, emphasizing the need for better preclinical studies to find effective therapies for this complex condition.

Keywords:
Agingexercisemyostatinsarcopeniaselective androgen receptor modulatorstestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a significant global health concern.
  • It contributes to physical disability, morbidity, and mortality in the aging population.
  • Sarcopenia is recognized as a muscle disease with a billing code, yet lacks FDA-approved treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of biological mechanisms underlying age-related muscle loss.
  • To summarize existing and emerging pharmacotherapies for sarcopenia currently in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biological mechanisms of sarcopenia.
  • Survey of pharmacotherapies in clinical trials for sarcopenia.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made in understanding sarcopenia's pathophysiology.
  • Few drugs specifically developed for sarcopenia have succeeded in clinical trials, often failing to improve strength and physical performance.
  • The multifactorial nature of sarcopenia suggests personalized treatment approaches are necessary.

Conclusions:

  • Further rigorous preclinical studies are essential to guide effective clinical trials and accelerate the discovery of sarcopenia treatments.
  • Developing safe and effective pharmacotherapies requires a deeper understanding of the disease's complexity.
  • Tailored, personalized interventions are likely more effective than single-target treatments for sarcopenia.