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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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Stop-codon read-through arises largely from molecular errors and is generally nonadaptive.

Chuan Li1, Jianzhi Zhang1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.

Plos Genetics
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stop-codon read-through, where ribosomes translate past stop signals, is mostly due to molecular errors, not adaptation. This suggests cellular processes are less precise than previously believed.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Stop-codon read-through is a biological process where ribosomes continue translation beyond a termination codon into the untranslated region (UTR).
  • Recent studies using ribosome profiling in eukaryotes suggest this phenomenon is widespread and contributes to proteome diversity, leading to an adaptive hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the competing hypothesis that stop-codon read-through is primarily a result of molecular errors and is largely nonadaptive.
  • To analyze genome-scale data to support or refute the error hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genome-scale data from yeasts and fruit flies.
  • Comparison of predictions from the error hypothesis regarding read-through probability, sequence motifs, and region conservation.

Main Results:

  • Genome-scale data from yeasts and fruit flies supported the error hypothesis.
  • Distinct predictions about read-through probability, sequence motifs, and conservation of read-through regions were consistent with molecular error origins.
  • Except for functionally validated instances, stop-codon read-through appears to be generally nonadaptive.

Conclusions:

  • Stop-codon read-through is predominantly a nonadaptive molecular error rather than a regulated mechanism for proteome diversity.
  • This finding, alongside other quantified molecular errors, indicates that cellular life may be less precise and orderly than commonly assumed.