Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
Published on: September 27, 2024
Production of Vowels by Electrolaryngeal Speakers Using Clear Speech
Steven R Cox1, Lawrence J Raphael2, Philip C Doyle3
1Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA, scox@adelphi.edu.
Background/Aims:
This study examined the effect of clear speech on vowel productions by electrolaryngeal speakers.
Method:
Ten electrolaryngeal speakers produced eighteen words containing /i/, /ɪ/, /ɛ/, /æ/, /eɪ/, and /oʊ/ using habitual speech and clear speech. Twelve listeners transcribed 360 words, and a total of 4,320 vowel stimuli across speaking conditions, speakers, and listeners were analyzed. Analyses included listeners' identifications of vowels, vowel duration, and vowel formant relationships.
Results:
No significant effect of speaking condition was found on vowel identification. Specifically, 85.4% of the vowels were identified in habitual speech, and 82.7% of the vowels were identified in clear speech. However, clear speech was found to have a significant effect on vowel durations. The mean vowel duration in the 17 consonant-vowel-consonant words was 333 ms in habitual speech and 354 ms in clear speech. The mean vowel duration in the single consonant-vowel words was 551 ms in habitual speech and 629 ms in clear speech.
Conclusion:
Finding suggests that, although clear speech facilitates longer vowel durations, electrolaryngeal speakers may not gain a clear speech benefit relative to listeners' vowel identifications.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Scalar Product (Dot Product)
The scalar product of two vectors is obtained by multiplying...
01:17Vector Product (Cross Product)
Consider the cross product of two vectors. Imagine rotating the first vector about...
01:21Wood Products
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...
01:29Dot Product
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
01:25Cross Product
The magnitude of the cross product is obtained by multiplying the magnitude of both the vectors and the sine of the angle between them. This means that a larger angle between the vectors will lead to a greater magnitude of the cross product.
01:06Primary Production