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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Scalable high-throughput acoustophoresis in arrayed plastic microchannels.

R Dubay1, C Lissandrello1, P Swierk1

  • 1Draper, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

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|May 25, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel polystyrene microfluidic acoustofluidic device for high-throughput cell separation. The 12-channel system efficiently purifies lymphocytes from blood, advancing cell therapy bioprocessing.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microfluidics
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Microfluidic acoustophoresis is a label-free cell separation technique.
  • Current limitations include low throughput and challenges in device manufacturability and scale-up.
  • Existing methods struggle with parallel channel integration due to material and resonant behavior constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable and manufacturable microfluidic acoustofluidic device for high-throughput cell separation.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional silicon or glass-based acoustofluidic systems.
  • To demonstrate the device's efficacy in purifying lymphocytes for cell therapy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 12-parallel-channel acoustic separator entirely from polystyrene.
  • Optimization of device design and electrical drive parameters for enhanced separation.
  • Testing the device's performance using blood cell separation and lymphocyte purification from apheresis product.

Main Results:

  • Achieved blood cell separation at a flow rate exceeding 1 ml/min using the polystyrene device.
  • Demonstrated high-purity lymphocyte isolation (>90%) from over 100 ml of leukapheresis product in under 2 hours.
  • Successfully processed samples in a single pass without interruption or pre-purification steps.

Conclusions:

  • The developed polystyrene acoustofluidic device offers significant improvements in throughput and manufacturability.
  • Acoustofluidics shows promise for future cell therapy bioprocessing and scalable cell separation.
  • Further scale-up of this technology is feasible for broader applications.