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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Cardiac Stress Test Induced by Dobutamine and Monitored by Cardiac Catheterization in Mice
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Infliximab Induced Cardiac Tamponade

N O’Morain1, L Kumar1, C O’Carroll-Lolait2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology & Clinical Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital/Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 24

Irish Medical Journal
|May 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details the first instance of cardiac tamponade in an Ulcerative Colitis patient receiving Infliximab induction therapy. The complication stemmed from a hypersensitivity reaction to the anti-TNFα drug.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Infliximab is a biologic therapy targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) used for UC treatment.
  • Adverse reactions to anti-TNFα therapy can occur, necessitating careful monitoring.

Observation:

  • A patient with Ulcerative Colitis developed cardiac tamponade during Infliximab induction therapy.
  • Initial presentation included tachycardia, hypotension, fever, and elevated inflammatory/infective markers, mimicking infection.
  • Cardiac tamponade was identified as the cause of these symptoms.

Findings:

  • The cardiac tamponade was attributed to a type 3 hypersensitivity immune-complex reaction.
  • This reaction led to a reactive pericardial effusion.
  • The findings highlight a rare but serious complication of Infliximab therapy.

Implications:

  • Autoimmune reactions to anti-TNFα therapy can present atypically, mimicking infectious processes.
  • Clinicians should consider drug-induced autoimmune reactions in patients on anti-TNFα therapy with unexplained symptoms.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in such cases.