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Unusual meningitis caused by non-typhoid Salmonella in an Italian infant: a case report

Monica Ficara1, Valentina Cenciarelli, Lisa Montanari

  • 1Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. iughetti.lorenzo@unimore.it.

Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis
|May 25, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) meningitis is rare in infants but can cause serious complications. Early diagnosis and specific antibiotic treatment are crucial for recovery and preventing relapse.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) is a significant cause of bacterial meningitis in infants, particularly in developing nations.
  • While uncommon in industrialized countries, NTS meningitis requires prompt recognition and management.
  • This case highlights an unusual presentation and the diagnostic/therapeutic approach in an infant.

Observation:

  • A two-month-old infant presented with fever, bloody diarrhea, and irritability.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis suggested bacterial meningitis, but initial cultures were negative.
  • Blood cultures identified Salmonella enteritidis; cerebral imaging revealed purulent material.

Findings:

  • Salmonella enteritidis bacteremia complicated by meningitis in an infant.
  • Cerebral ultrasound and MRI were vital in diagnosing the extent of the infection.
  • Specific antibiotic therapy (cefotaxime) led to clinical improvement and favorable MRI follow-up.

Implications:

  • NTS infections can lead to severe complications like meningitis in vulnerable infants.
  • Prompt microbiological investigation and neuroimaging are essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Extended antibiotic therapy (≥4 weeks) and neuroimaging follow-up are recommended due to relapse risk.

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