Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Enhanced fluoride uptake by bimetallic hydroxides anchored in cotton cellulose/graphene oxide composites
Yanan Shang1, Zihang Wang1, Xing Xu1
1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
Abstract:
A novel hybrid nanomaterial was synthesized by embedding the bimetallic Zr and La (hydro)xides onto the cotton cellulose/graphene oxide composites (CC/GO composites), forming the Zr-La-CC/GO nanocomposites. Selective uptake of fluoride onto the Zr-La /GO hybrids in multiple competitive environments were evaluated. Morphological characteristics of Zr-La-CC/GO nanocomposites reflected the well distributions of embedded Zr and La hydroxides in the nanocomposites. Results also indicated that the encapsulated bimetallic hydroxides in Zr-La-CC/GO hybrids exhibited extremely high fluoride adsorption capacity and stability. XPS investigation exhibited the strong ZrF and LaF bonds in spent Zr-La-CC/GO nanocomposites, and the bonds were weakened at higher pH, which was consistent with the adsorption results. In addition, CC/GO composites using as the host could also exert the strong shielding effect to improve the stability of embedded La and Zr species so as only a low La dissolution (<4.2%) and almost no Zr leaching (0.1%) were observed in high HA concentration. What's more, the Zr-La-CC/GO nanocomposites have also shown great potential application for defluoridation in field.
Related Concept Videos
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
Lipids as Anchors
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
Anchoring Junctions
Oxidation Numbers
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
Classifying Matter by Composition
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...

