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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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All-optical spin switching under different spin configurations.

G P Zhang1, Mitsuko Murakami1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

All-optical spin switching uses laser pulses to control magnetism, differing from heat-based methods. Laser polarization and spin structures critically influence switching efficiency and direction.

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Area of Science:

  • Femtomagnetism
  • All-optical spin switching
  • Atomic spin modeling

Background:

  • All-optical spin switching is a novel femtomagnetism technique distinct from traditional thermal methods.
  • Understanding the fundamental physics of laser-induced spin manipulation is crucial for developing new magnetic technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate all-optical spin switching using an atomic spin model, from single spins to large systems.
  • To elucidate the role of laser polarization and electron momentum in spin switching dynamics.
  • To explore the influence of different magnetic spin structures on the all-optical switching response.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of an atomic spin model for simulating spin dynamics.
  • Systematic investigation of spin switching behavior across various system sizes (single spin to over a million spins).
  • Analysis of the impact of different laser polarizations (linear, circular) on diverse magnetic spin structures (uniform films, Néel walls, Bloch walls).

Main Results:

  • Laser pulses alter the spin-orbit torque relation, enabling spin changes independent of orbital momentum conservation.
  • Efficient spin switching requires electron momentum to align with spin orientation, maximizing spin-orbit torque.
  • Spin switching efficiency and outcomes are highly dependent on laser polarization and the underlying spin structure, with distinct effects observed on uniform films, Néel walls, and Bloch walls.

Conclusions:

  • All-optical spin switching offers a new pathway for ultrafast magnetic control, driven by spin-orbit torques modulated by laser polarization.
  • The interaction between laser light and magnetic structures is complex, with polarization dictating the specific spin response.
  • These findings provide critical insights into the mechanisms of all-optical spin switching, paving the way for advanced spintronic applications.