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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Data-Driven Opportunity to Reduce Elderly Pedestrian Trauma.

Deven C Patel, Navpreet K Dhillon, Nikhil Linaval

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    Elderly pedestrians face high mortality risks, with injuries peaking between 9-10 am. Targeted preventative strategies during these peak hours are crucial for reducing pedestrian trauma in older adults.

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    Area of Science:

    • Traumatology
    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Elderly individuals are disproportionately vulnerable to fatal injuries following trauma.
    • Existing research on traffic calming measures lacks focus on specific times of day for pedestrian trauma reduction.
    • Understanding temporal patterns of elderly pedestrian injuries is vital for effective prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the peak time of day for pedestrian injuries among the elderly population.
    • To compare injury severity and mortality rates between elderly and non-elderly pedestrians.
    • To inform targeted preventative strategies for elderly pedestrian safety.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the Los Angeles County Trauma and Emergency Medicine Information System database (2000-2015).
    • Inclusion of adult pedestrians struck by vehicles.
    • Comparison of elderly (≥65 years) and non-elderly (18-64 years) groups based on admission time and mortality.

    Main Results:

    • Elderly pedestrian injuries peaked between 9 and 10 am (23%).
    • Elderly patients exhibited higher rates of severe injury, including lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores and hypotension.
    • Mortality was significantly higher in the elderly group (14% vs. 4%), with a 4.72-fold increased odds of death.

    Conclusions:

    • The morning hours (9-10 am) represent a critical period for elderly pedestrian injuries.
    • Implementing targeted preventative measures, such as reduced speed limits and increased surveillance, during peak hours is recommended.
    • These strategies may significantly decrease the incidence and severity of pedestrian trauma in the elderly population.