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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

643
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
259
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Tackling Aging by Using miRNA as a Target and a Tool.

Wing-Fu Lai1, Marie Lin2, Wing-Tak Wong3

  • 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|May 26, 2019
PubMed
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and change with age. This review explores using miRNA biology for antiaging therapies, discussing chemical modifications and delivery systems for future clinical applications.

Keywords:
agingcellular senescencegene deliverygenetic manipulationmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Age-associated changes in miRNA expression are observed across diverse species.
  • Translating miRNA knowledge into effective antiaging therapies remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microRNA roles in aging.
  • To discuss chemical modifications and delivery systems for miRNA-based interventions.
  • To identify technical needs for translating miRNA therapies from research to clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on microRNAs and aging.
  • Discussion of chemical strategies for microRNA structural modification.
  • Analysis of current and emerging delivery systems for therapeutic microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs significantly modulate the aging process.
  • Various chemical modifications can enhance miRNA stability and function.
  • Effective delivery systems are crucial for successful miRNA-based interventions.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-based interventions hold promise for antiaging therapies.
  • Further research is needed to optimize miRNA modifications and delivery.
  • Addressing technical challenges is essential for clinical translation of miRNA therapeutics.