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Area of Science:

  • Digital health
  • Sleep science
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • Mobile health (mHealth) apps show potential for large-scale sleep improvement.
  • User engagement is crucial for the sustained effectiveness of mHealth sleep interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the needs and preferences of individuals experiencing poor sleep and insomnia.
  • To guide the development of an engaging and effective sleep-focused mobile application.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative focus groups (N=9) and app review analysis (434 reviews) with a quantitative online survey (N=167).
  • Qualitative data informed survey questions, which were then administered to a larger population.
  • User reviews of existing sleep apps were analyzed to identify common themes and features.

Main Results:

  • Users desire adaptive, tailored sleep programs accounting for diverse sleep phenotypes.
  • Key features identified include sleep diaries, alarms, lifestyle tracking, and data sharing with healthcare providers.
  • Wearable device synchronization was a frequently mentioned functionality, and alarms were a salient feature.

Conclusions:

  • Co-design with end-users highlights sleep tracking, alarms, and personalization as vital for engagement.
  • Poorly implemented features, bugs, and didactic content negatively impact user engagement.
  • Specific user needs, particularly for individuals with severe insomnia, must be addressed in app design.