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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Clarifying and Imaging Candida albicans Biofilms
Published on: March 6, 2020
Farnesol increases the activity of echinocandins against Candida auris biofilms
Fruzsina Nagy1, Zoltán Tóth1, Lajos Daróczi2
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Hungary.
Abstract:
Candida auris biofilms exhibit decreased susceptibility to echinocandins, which is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule enhancing the activity of antifungals; therefore, we evaluated the in vitro effect of farnesol with anidulafungin, caspofungin, or micafungin against biofilms using fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI), Bliss independence model, LIVE/DEAD-assay and scanning electron microscopy. Based on mathematical models, farnesol caused synergism in eleven out of twelve cases (FICIs range 0.133-0.507; Bliss synergy volume range 70.39-204.6 μM2%). This was confirmed by microscope images of combination-exposed biofilms. Our study showed the prominent effect of farnesol with echinocandins against C. auris biofilms.
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