Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
06:13
Two-layered Membrane Sandwich Method for Laodelphax striatellus Saliva Collection
Published on: August 27, 2021
2.8K
Wolbachia localization during Laodelphax striatellus embryogenesis.
Yan Guo1, Jun-Tao Gong2, Pei-Wen Mo2
1Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, China.
Journal of Insect Physiology
|May 26, 2019
Summary
Wolbachia bacteria (wStri) in planthoppers initially gather at the embryo's anterior. Later, they move to posterior cells where gonads form, explaining their efficient transmission.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Developmental Biology
- Entomology
Background:
- Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria crucial for arthropod reproduction.
- Efficient vertical transmission is key to Wolbachia's success.
- Wolbachia's behavior during host embryogenesis remains largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the localization and dynamics of Wolbachia wStri during Laodelphax striatellus embryogenesis.
- Understand the mechanisms behind the extraordinary vertical transmission efficiency of wStri.
- Identify host factors potentially influencing Wolbachia distribution.
Main Methods:
- Microscopic observation of Wolbachia wStri in L. striatellus embryos.
- Phylogenetic analysis to explore intrinsic Wolbachia factors.
- Gene expression profiling of host embryonic development genes.
Main Results:
- Wolbachia wStri localized to the anterior embryo region during early development.
- wStri migrated to posterior cells, the site of gonad formation, during late embryogenesis.
- Host gene Ddx1 mRNA and other developmental gene mRNAs accumulated in the posterior region.
Conclusions:
- Wolbachia wStri's dynamic localization in L. striatellus embryos is linked to host gonad development.
- Intrinsic Wolbachia factors may contribute to initial anterior localization.
- These findings offer insights into the high prevalence of Wolbachia wStri in this planthopper species.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Local Attraction
370
Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
370
01:13Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics
1.2K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.2K
01:23Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action
3.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
3.3K
01:46Nuclear Localization Signals and Import
7.7K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
7.7K
01:22Absolute and Local Extreme Values
59
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
59
01:12Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
780
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
780