Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
Plasma levels of CTRP-3, CTRP-9 and apelin in women with multiple sclerosis
Amir Rasooli Tehrani1, Sakineh Gholipour1, Roya Sharifi2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Semnan, Iran.
Background:
Recently, adipocytokines have been shown to play a pivotal role in autoimmune and inflammatory-related disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of CTRP3, CTRP9, adiponectin and apelin- in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients with healthy subjects and their relationship with clinical parameters and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Methods:
Plasma levels of CTRP3, CTRP9, apelin, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and adiponectin were evaluated in 24 healthy women and 26 women with relapsing-remitting MS using immunoassay methods.
Results:
The plasma apelin level of the MS patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. The concentration of TNF-α and adiponectin were significantly higher in MS patients compared to the healthy controls. Plasma CTRP3, CTRP9 and hs-CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no correlation between these adipokines and inflammatory mediators. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of apelin with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores and number of relapse.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that adipokines, particularly apelin and adiponectin, may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and can be considered as a biomarker or as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
Related Concept Videos
01:31Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug's Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels
One important factor is the drug's molecular size. The kidneys readily excrete smaller molecules below 300 Daltons (Da). On the other hand, molecules weighing between 300 and 500 Da are excreted through both urine and bile. Larger molecules above 500 Da tend to be excreted...
01:49Multiple Allele Traits
01:19High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
01:29Leveling Effect
01:09Levels of Organization
Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:
The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules...
01:18Fermi Level
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...