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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

Published on: January 21, 2013

A Growth-Based Framework for Leaf Shape Development and Diversity.

Daniel Kierzkowski¹, Adam Runions¹, Francesco Vuolo¹

¹Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.

|May 28, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genes shape plant leaves by controlling cell growth direction and patterns. Two genes, SHOOTMERISTEMLESS and REDUCED COMPLEXITY, distinctively alter growth modes, creating diverse leaf shapes like simple versus complex leaflets.

Keywords:

Arabidopsis thaliana Cardamine hirsuta KNOX RCO computational modelling growth and patterning leaf development live-imaging morphogenesis organ shape

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Developmental genetics
Morphological evolution

Background:

Understanding the genetic basis of morphological diversity is crucial for evolutionary biology.
Leaf shape variation in plants is a key area of study for developmental and evolutionary research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how genes regulate cellular growth to generate diverse leaf morphologies.
To compare the genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying simple leaf shape in Arabidopsis thaliana and complex leaf shape in Cardamine hirsuta.

Main Methods:

Live imaging techniques to observe cellular growth dynamics.
Computational modeling to analyze growth patterns.
Genetic analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta.

Main Results:

Leaf shape is determined by the interaction of organ-wide growth (linked to differentiation) and local, directional growth along the leaf edge.
The homeobox genes SHOOTMERISTEMLESS and REDUCED COMPLEXITY differentially regulate these growth modes.
SHOOTMERISTEMLESS promotes organ-wide growth, facilitating leaflet formation, while REDUCED COMPLEXITY restricts local growth, enhancing shape complexity.

Conclusions:

Gene activity, specifically SHOOTMERISTEMLESS and REDUCED COMPLEXITY, directly influences cellular growth modes to create distinct leaf morphologies.
The study successfully reconstructed key leaf features of Cardamine hirsuta in Arabidopsis thaliana, validating the proposed mechanisms.