Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Determination of antibodies in everyday rheumatological practice
Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran1, Joanna Zalewska2, Sławomir Jeka2
1Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland.
Abstract:
Antibody determination is routinely used in everyday rheumatological practice. Its result repeatedly determines the diagnosis or exclusion of a particular disease. Antibodies are immunoglobulins, i.e. some of the most important proteins in the immune system, and have specific properties that we should know. In addition, there are a number of factors that can affect their concentration, including drugs commonly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. There are definite indications, when the total concentrations of individual classes of immunoglobulins should be initially determined and it should be evaluated whether the patient produces them at all or their production is impaired. In some cases, we should evaluate the levels of specific antibodies along with the total protein concentration and the γ-globulin fraction, in which the antibodies are contained. The article presents information on the most common mistakes made when performing these tests.
Related Concept Videos
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Characteristics of Practical Op Amps
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...
Antibody Actions
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Determining Order of Reaction

