Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Rodrigo Terra1, Pedro J F Alves1, Ana K C Lima1
1Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|May 28, 2019
Summary
Regular moderate exercise can enhance immune response, protecting against Leishmania infections. Physical activity promotes a Th1 immune response, reducing disease severity and parasite load in experimental models.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Parasitology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Physical exercise modulates immune system responses, potentially aiding disease treatment.
- Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania parasites, presents diverse clinical outcomes influenced by immune responses.
- The Th1/Th2 immune balance is crucial in controlling intracellular infections like leishmaniasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of moderate-intensity physical exercise on experimental Leishmania major infections.
- To analyze how exercise influences the Th1/Th2 immune response pattern in Leishmania-infected mice.
Main Methods:
- Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania major were subjected to a swimming exercise regimen.
- Control groups included sedentary infected mice, with and without drug treatment (meglumine antimoniate).
- Immune responses were assessed by monitoring lesion development, parasite load, delayed hypersensitivity, and cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10).
Main Results:
- Exercise significantly reduced lesion development and parasite burden, irrespective of drug treatment.
- Trained mice exhibited a positive delayed hypersensitivity response to Leishmania antigens.
- Lymph node cells from trained animals showed a Th1-polarized immune response (elevated IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL10 ratios).
Conclusions:
- Moderate-intensity exercise confers a protective effect against Leishmania major infection.
- Exercise modulates the immune system towards a Th1 response, enhancing resistance to leishmaniasis.
- Physical activity may serve as a complementary strategy in managing leishmaniasis.
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