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Asthma Across Age: Insights From Primary Care
Alan Kaplan1, Antony Hardjojo2, Shaylynn Yu2
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 28, 2019
Summary
Asthma presentation varies by age, with childhood asthma often atopic and adult asthma shifting to non-atopic phenotypes. Pediatric and elderly patients face higher exacerbation risks, highlighting age-specific diagnosis and management challenges in primary care.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Primary Care Medicine
Background:
- Asthma is a complex respiratory condition with diverse phenotypes affecting all age groups.
- Understanding age-specific differences is crucial for effective asthma management in primary care settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on asthma similarities and differences across pediatric, adult, and elderly populations.
- To emphasize the primary care perspective on asthma diagnosis, treatment, and management challenges.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing phenotyping studies and risk factor analyses for asthma exacerbations.
- Analysis of age-specific diagnostic challenges, treatment adherence issues, and guideline discrepancies.
Main Results:
- Childhood asthma is predominantly atopic, while adult asthma shows a shift towards non-atopic phenotypes.
- Pediatric and elderly patients are at higher risk for asthma exacerbations.
- Age-specific differential diagnoses and management challenges, including inhaler technique and adherence, impact disease control.
Conclusions:
- Asthma management requires age-tailored approaches due to variations in phenotypes, risk factors, and diagnostic/treatment challenges.
- Primary care physicians need clear, consistent guidelines for diagnosing and managing asthma across all age groups.
- Non-invasive tools like FeNO measurement show promise for improving pediatric asthma diagnosis in primary care.
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