Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...

Optimal Foraging

Optimal Foraging

How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Optimization Problems

Optimization Problems

Optimization problems often involve identifying maximum or minimum values under specific constraints. A well-known example is determining the longest horizontal pipe that can be moved around a right-angled corner, where a 3-meter-wide hallway meets a 2-meter-wide hallway. This scenario, common in architectural design and industrial transport, can be understood conceptually through geometric and trigonometric reasoning.To visualize the problem, consider the pipe as a straight line that touches...

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of basis choice on quantitative parameter estimation in accelerated subspace reconstructions.

Magnetic resonance letters·2026

Same author

Patterns of Muscle Health in Single- and Multi-Site Chronic Pain: A UK Biobank Normative Modeling Study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Imaging Near Spinal Fixation Hardware at 0.55 T Compared With 3 T.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026

Same author

Neural Shape Modeling Reveals Early and Progressive Femoral Bone Shape and Cartilage Thickness Changes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Clinical quality of breath-held T1-weighted breast MRI in the supine position.

European journal of radiology·2026

Same author

Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Liver: Primed for New Business.

Radiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: November 18, 2014

Flexible and efficient optimization of quantitative sequences using automatic differentiation of Bloch simulations.

Philip K Lee^1,2, Lauren E Watkins^1,3, Timothy I Anderson²

¹Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|May 28, 2019

Summary

Automatic differentiation optimizes quantitative MRI sequences by improving Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) without approximations. This method enhances Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) performance in noisy conditions and is computationally efficient.

Keywords:

Cramér-Rao lower bound automatic differentiation magnetic resonance fingerprinting optimal experiment design quantitative imaging

More Related Videos

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Highly Efficient Ligation of Small RNA Molecules for MicroRNA Quantitation by High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: November 18, 2014

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Optimization for Sequencing and Analysis of Degraded FFPE-RNA Samples

Published on: June 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Quantitative Imaging
Computational Methods

Background:

Optimizing quantitative MRI sequences is crucial for accurate parameter estimation.
Conventional methods often rely on approximations or complex analytical expressions.
The Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) provides a theoretical limit for estimation accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a computationally efficient method for optimizing the CRLB of quantitative MRI sequences.
To avoid approximations or analytical signal expressions in the optimization process.

Main Methods:

Applied automatic differentiation to Bloch simulations for sequence optimization.
Validated the approach using multi-echo spin echo and Double Echo Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo (DESPO) sequences.
Optimized the CRLB for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) sequences.

Main Results:

Achieved sequence parameters matching conventional methods for benchmark sequences.
Demonstrated improved in vivo MRF performance in the presence of white noise.
MRF CRLB optimization converged efficiently with scalable runtime.

Conclusions:

Automatic differentiation offers a robust method for CRLB optimization of quantitative MRI sequences.
The approach is computationally efficient for complex sequences like MRF.
Enables investigation of confounding factors and extended MRF sequence designs.