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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

146.9K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

39.8K
Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Transported neonates in Tunisia.

Fatma Zohra Chioukh, Karim Ben Ameur, Kamel Monastiri

    La Tunisie Medicale
    |May 28, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transporting sick newborns to tertiary care hospitals in Tunisia presents challenges, with a notable mortality rate of 8.4%. Prioritizing maternal transport before birth is safer for high-risk pregnancies.

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    Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System
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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal care
    • Transport medicine
    • Public health

    Background:

    • Neonatal transport is critical for specialized care.
    • Developing countries face unique challenges in neonatal logistics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe neonatal transport in Tunisia.
    • To evaluate neonate condition upon arrival and outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Multicenter prospective cohort study in 7 NICUs.
    • Data collected on demographics, transport, and clinical status.
    • Follow-up until discharge or death.

    Main Results:

    • 239 neonates studied; 5.7% of admissions.
    • 26% had maternal risk factors; 24% were preterm.
    • 8.4% mortality rate; 5 expired on arrival.
    • Transport issues: 24% unannounced, 14% lacked documentation.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal transport in developing nations is challenging.
    • Organized transport services are often lacking.
    • Maternal transport before delivery is recommended for high-risk pregnancies.