Comparison of Foaling Prediction Technologies in Periparturient Standardbred Mares

The ability to predict impending foaling is invaluable, as attending foaling improves mare and foal outcome during parturition; therefore, a comparison of foaling prediction technologies is warranted. The purpose of this study was to compare technologies to predict foaling. Forty Standardbred mares were monitored daily for parturition. Prefoaling mammary secretion was collected daily and evaluated using a: calcium titration method (Ca titration), calcium and magnesium strip (Ca and Mg), handheld digital pH device (pH digital), pH strip, and refractometer (Brix). In addition, a birth monitoring system that was attached in the mare's vulva was studied and all positive alarms (foaling) and negative alarms (false alerts) were recorded. Analysis of variance, correlation, and logistic analysis were used to analyze the different technologies and their associations between parity and foal gender. Receiver operator characteristic analysis for cutoff value and subsequently sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for each technology were obtained. Maiden mares and mares carrying a colt had a longer gestational length. Multiparous and maiden mares had no difference in their prefoaling mammary secretion pH using the digital and pH strip technologies when predicting foaling; however, the calcium concentrations measured using the Ca titration technology were lower in multiparous than in maiden mares. The Ca titration technology was the single best technology to predict when the mare was not going to foal; and when the Ca titration and pH digital were used in combination, their prediction for foaling increased when compared with using each technology individually.