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MicroRNAs in Microglia: How do MicroRNAs Affect Activation, Inflammation, Polarization of Microglia and Mediate the

Yawei Guo1, Wenming Hong1,2, Xinming Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|May 29, 2019
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) epigenetically regulate microglia, impacting brain health and diseases like Alzheimer's. This review details miRNA roles in microglial activation, inflammation, and polarization, crucial for neurological disorder understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microglia are key brain immune cells involved in homeostasis and neuropathology.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), are increasingly recognized for regulating microglial function.
  • Dysregulated miRNAs contribute to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the roles of miRNAs in microglial biology.
  • To explore miRNA involvement in microglial activation, inflammation, and polarization.
  • To discuss miRNA-mediated crosstalk between microglia and glioma cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Dicer's role in microglial miRNA biogenesis.
  • Analysis of recent research on miRNA functions in microglia.
  • Highlighting specific miRNAs like miR-124 and miR-155.

Main Results:

  • Dicer is essential for miRNA biogenesis in microglia.
  • Specific miRNAs influence microglial activation, inflammatory responses, and polarization.
  • MiRNAs mediate communication between microglia and glioma cells.

Conclusions:

  • MiRNAs are critical regulators of microglial function in both health and disease.
  • Understanding miRNA roles offers therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.
  • miR-124 and miR-155 are key players in microglial pathobiology.
Keywords:
activationgliomainflammationmicroRNAmicrogliapolarization

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