Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

38.1K
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
38.1K
Osmoregulation in Insects01:47

Osmoregulation in Insects

17.5K
Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.
17.5K
Survival Tree01:19

Survival Tree

410
Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
 Building a Survival Tree
Constructing a...
410
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

6.5K
The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
6.5K
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

49.3K
Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
49.3K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

21.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
21.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring Metabolic Interaction between Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Geosmithia spp.

Microbial ecology·2026
Same author

Armoured Amazon female† moths: urticating setae in Notodontidae (Lepidoptera).

Journal of insect science (Online)·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities of children and adolescents with specific learning disorders: associations with gender and educational level.

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health·2026
Same author

Transoral robotic surgery: safety, complications, and oncologic outcomes from a maxillofacial surgery unit experience.

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Risk assessment and reduction options for <i>Ceratocystis platani</i> in the EU.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2026
Same author

Neuropsychological profile and clinical benefits of multimodal interventions in a child with ADHD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder within the context of intellectual giftedness: a case report.

Italian journal of pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
07:20

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.7K

Complex Insect-Pathogen Interactions in Tree Pandemics.

Alberto Santini1, Andrea Battisti2

  • 1Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

Frontiers in Physiology
|May 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tree pandemics, like Dutch elm disease, are driven by invasive pathogens exploiting native insect-fungi interactions. Understanding these complex ecological relationships is key to predicting and preventing future forest diseases.

Keywords:
Dutch elm diseaseantagonistcypress canker diseasefacilitatorpine wilt diseasevector

More Related Videos

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

2.0K
Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
07:20

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.7K
In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

2.0K
Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forest Pathology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Tree pandemics cause significant economic and ecological damage globally.
  • Invasive pathogens often displace native organisms, leading to ecosystem disruption.
  • Interactions between native insects, fungi, and nematodes can facilitate disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review three major tree pandemics: Dutch elm disease, cypress canker, and pine wilt disease.
  • To analyze the roles of native insects, fungi, and nematodes in these pandemics.
  • To understand the ecological factors enabling invasive pathogens to establish and spread.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of global tree pandemics in temperate ecosystems.
  • Analysis of pathogen-insect-microorganism interactions.
  • Examination of host-pathogen dynamics and ecological niches.

Main Results:

  • Invasive pathogens successfully establish by exploiting pre-existing interactions between native organisms and insect vectors.
  • The success of invading pathogens depends on the "morpho-physiological proximity" and mutualistic benefits among interacting native species.
  • Hidden players like insects and microorganisms significantly influence pathogen performance.

Conclusions:

  • Tree pandemics arise from introduced pathogens leveraging native ecological networks.
  • Understanding native interactions is crucial for predicting the impact of new pathogens.
  • This knowledge can inform strategies to prevent future tree pandemics.